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          </gmd:linkage>                                        </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>                                    </gmd:onlineResource>                                </gmd:CI_Contact>                            </gmd:contactInfo>                            <gmd:role>                                <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="owner">owner</gmd:CI_RoleCode>                            </gmd:role>                        </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>                    </gmd:citedResponsibleParty>                    <gmd:presentationForm>                        <gmd:CI_PresentationFormCode codeList="https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_PresentationFormCode" codeListValue="mapDigital">mapDigital</gmd:CI_PresentationFormCode>                    </gmd:presentationForm>                    <gmd:presentationForm>                        <gmd:CI_PresentationFormCode codeList="https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_PresentationFormCode" codeListValue="modelDigital">modelDigital</gmd:CI_PresentationFormCode>                    </gmd:presentationForm>                    <gmd:series>                        <gmd:CI_Series>                            <gmd:issueIdentification>                                <gco:CharacterString>r_emiro:2011-10-26T190717</gco:CharacterString>                            </gmd:issueIdentification>                        </gmd:CI_Series>                    </gmd:series>                    <gmd:otherCitationDetails>                        <gco:CharacterString>Questo metodo differisce un po' da quello utilizzato nei prodotti ESRI ma viene spesso presentato in letteratura come uno fra i più consigliati. A differenza del "Neighborhood Method" (ESRI, 1995), restituisce una griglia meno smussata, con valori di inclinazione media leggermente più alti e, soprattutto, è in grado di cogliere meglio le inclinazioni relative ai bruschi cambi di inclinazione (crinali impervi, valli incassate, ecc.). Varrebbe la pena calcolare l'inclinazione anche col metodo del "Downhill slope angle calculation" (Hickey et al, 1994), che considera la pendenza massima dalla cella verso quella posta più a valle (e non più anche a monte). Pare che tale metodo sia il più indicato per i calcoli di erosione del suolo contenendo la sovrastima dell'inclinazione. Zevenbergen, L.W. and Thorne, C.R. (1987); Quantitative analysis of land surface topography. 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L'inclinazione del versante costituisce, inoltre, uno dei parametri di base per il calcolo di parametri più complessi.All'inclinazione del versante si possono correlare: velocità dei processi di trasporto superficiali e sub-superficiali, precipitazioni effettive (l'area aumenta all'aumentare dell'inclinazione), vegetazione, geomorfologia, contenuto d'acqua, tensioni all'interno del versante, possibilità di fenomeni quali crolli, etc.., possibili amplificazioni sismiche locali ed altri.</gco:CharacterString>            </gmd:purpose>            <gmd:pointOfContact>                <gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>                    <gmd:individualName>                        <gco:CharacterString>Marco Pizziolo</gco:CharacterString>                    </gmd:individualName>                    <gmd:organisationName>                        <gco:CharacterString>Marco Pizziolo - Area Geologia, Suoli e Sismica - Settore Difesa del Territorio - Regione Emilia-Romagna</gco:CharacterString>               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                  <gmd:title>                                <gco:CharacterString>GEMET - Concepts, version 3.1</gco:CharacterString>                            </gmd:title>                            <gmd:date>                                <gmd:CI_Date>                                    <gmd:date>                                        <gco:Date>2012-07-20</gco:Date>                                    </gmd:date>                                    <gmd:dateType>                                        <gmd:CI_DateTypeCode codeList="https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_DateTypeCode" codeListValue="publication">Pubblicazione</gmd:CI_DateTypeCode>                                    </gmd:dateType>                                </gmd:CI_Date>                            </gmd:date>                        </gmd:CI_Citation>                    </gmd:thesaurusName>                </gmd:MD_Keywords>            </gmd:descriptiveKeywords>            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<gmd:temporalElement>                        <gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>                            <gmd:extent>                                <gml:TimePeriod gml:id="TP1">                                    <gml:beginPosition>1972-01-01</gml:beginPosition>                                    <gml:endPosition>1979-12-31</gml:endPosition>                                </gml:TimePeriod>                            </gmd:extent>                        </gmd:EX_TemporalExtent>                    </gmd:temporalElement>                </gmd:EX_Extent>            </gmd:extent>        </gmd:MD_DataIdentification>    </gmd:identificationInfo>    <gmd:distributionInfo>        <gmd:MD_Distribution>            <gmd:distributionFormat>                <gmd:MD_Format>                    <gmd:name>                        <gco:CharacterString>DEM</gco:CharacterString>                    </gmd:name>                    <gmd:version>                        <gco:CharacterString>n.d.</gco:CharacterString>       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</gmd:voice>                                            <gmd:facsimile>                                                <gco:CharacterString>0515274208</gco:CharacterString>                                            </gmd:facsimile>                                        </gmd:CI_Telephone>                                    </gmd:phone>                                    <gmd:address>                                        <gmd:CI_Address>                                            <gmd:deliveryPoint>                                                <gco:CharacterString>Viale della Fiera  8</gco:CharacterString>                                            </gmd:deliveryPoint>                                            <gmd:city>                                                <gco:CharacterString>Bologna</gco:CharacterString>                                            </gmd:city>                                            <gmd:administrativeArea>                                                <gco:CharacterString>Bologna</gco:CharacterString>                                            </gmd:administrativeArea>                                            <gmd:postalCode>                                                <gco:CharacterString>40127</gco:CharacterString>                                            </gmd:postalCode>                                            <gmd:country>                                                <gco:CharacterString>ITA</gco:CharacterString>                                            </gmd:country>                                            <gmd:electronicMailAddress>                                                <gco:CharacterString>segrgeol@regione.emilia-romagna.it</gco:CharacterString>                                            </gmd:electronicMailAddress>                                        </gmd:CI_Address>                                    </gmd:address>                                    <gmd:onlineResource>                                        <gmd:CI_OnlineResource>                                            <gmd:linkage>                                                <gmd:URL>https://ambiente.regione.emilia-romagna.it/it/geologia</gmd:URL>                                            </gmd:linkage>                                        </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>                                    </gmd:onlineResource>                                </gmd:CI_Contact>                            </gmd:contactInfo>                            <gmd:role>                                <gmd:CI_RoleCode codeList="https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_RoleCode" codeListValue="distributor">distributor</gmd:CI_RoleCode>                            </gmd:role>                        </gmd:CI_ResponsibleParty>                    </gmd:distributorContact>                    <gmd:distributionOrderProcess>                        <gmd:MD_StandardOrderProcess>                            <gmd:fees>  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xlink:href="http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/SpatialDataServiceType/other" xlink:title="Link">other</gmx:Anchor>                            </gmd:applicationProfile>                            <gmd:name>                                <gco:CharacterString>Cartografia del Dissesto Idrogeologico</gco:CharacterString>                            </gmd:name>                            <gmd:description>                                <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/OnLineDescriptionCode/accessPoint">access point</gmx:Anchor>                            </gmd:description>                            <gmd:function>                                <gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode codeList="https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#CI_OnLineFunctionCode" codeListValue="information">information</gmd:CI_OnLineFunctionCode>                            </gmd:function>                        </gmd:CI_OnlineResource>                    </gmd:onLine>                </gmd:MD_DigitalTransferOptions>            </gmd:transferOptions>        </gmd:MD_Distribution>    </gmd:distributionInfo>    <gmd:dataQualityInfo>        <gmd:DQ_DataQuality>            <gmd:scope>                <gmd:DQ_Scope>                    <gmd:level>                        <gmd:MD_ScopeCode codeList="https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_ScopeCode" codeListValue="dataset">Dataset</gmd:MD_ScopeCode>                    </gmd:level>                </gmd:DQ_Scope>            </gmd:scope>            <gmd:report>                <gmd:DQ_DomainConsistency>                    <gmd:result>                        <gmd:DQ_ConformanceResult>                            <gmd:specification>                                <gmd:CI_Citation>                                    <gmd:title>                                        <gco:CharacterString>REGOLAMENTO (UE) N. 1089/2010 DELLA COMMISSIONE del 23 novembre 2010 recante attuazione della 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</gmd:CI_Citation>                            </gmd:specification>                            <gmd:explanation>                                <gco:CharacterString>Fare riferimento alle specifiche indicate</gco:CharacterString>                            </gmd:explanation>                            <gmd:pass xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"><gco:Boolean>false</gco:Boolean></gmd:pass>                        </gmd:DQ_ConformanceResult>                    </gmd:result>                </gmd:DQ_DomainConsistency>            </gmd:report>            <gmd:report>                <gmd:DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy>                    <gmd:result>                        <gmd:DQ_QuantitativeResult>                            <gmd:valueUnit>                                <gml:BaseUnit gml:id="m">                                    <gml:identifier codeSpace="http://www.bipm.org/en/si/base_units">m</gml:identifier>                                    <gml:unitsSystem xlink:href="http://www.bipm.org/en/si"/>                                </gml:BaseUnit>                            </gmd:valueUnit>                            <gmd:value>                                <gco:Record xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:type="gco:Real_PropertyType">                                    <gco:Real>8.0</gco:Real>                                </gco:Record>                            </gmd:value>                        </gmd:DQ_QuantitativeResult>                    </gmd:result>                </gmd:DQ_AbsoluteExternalPositionalAccuracy>            </gmd:report>            <gmd:lineage>                <gmd:LI_Lineage>                    <gmd:statement>                        <gco:CharacterString>Si ottiene calcolando la derivata prima del DEM. Esistono molti metodi per calcolare l'inclinazione a partire dal DEM. In questo caso è stato utilizzato il "Quadratic Surface Method" (Zevenbergen &amp; Thorne, 1987) che fitta sulla cella un polinomio di 2° grado utilizzando, fra le 8 celle che stanno intorno alla cella in esame le 4 che ne condividono un lato (le altre condividono uno spigolo). Il metodo, in particolare, cerca di minimizzare la somma degli scarti quadratici fra la quota teorica (prevista dalla funzione) e quella effettiva delle celle al contorno. Per il calcolo è stato utilizzato il software SAGA-GIS 1.2 (System for Automated Geoscientific Analyses  http://www.saga-gis.org): un GIS Free Open Source Software (FOSS) prodotto e distribuito dalla SAGA User Group Association (Dept of Physical Geography - Univ of Gottingen - DE).</gco:CharacterString>                    </gmd:statement>                </gmd:LI_Lineage>            </gmd:lineage>        </gmd:DQ_DataQuality>    </gmd:dataQualityInfo>    <gmd:metadataMaintenance>        <gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>            <gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>                <gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode codeList="https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode" codeListValue="notPlanned">Non pianificata</gmd:MD_MaintenanceFrequencyCode>            </gmd:maintenanceAndUpdateFrequency>        </gmd:MD_MaintenanceInformation>    </gmd:metadataMaintenance>
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